Explain in your own words what you understand either by the term Essay - 1

Explain in your own words what you understand either by the term 'hegemony' - Essay Example Because of the use of hegemony in a variety of contexts, it extends to other disciplinary, as cultural hegemony that discusses about philosophic and sociological concept, originated by the Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci, that a culturally diverse society can be ruled or dominated by one of its social classes. It is the dominance of one social group over another, e.g. the ruling class over all other classes. The theory claims that the ideas of the ruling class come to be seen as the norm; they are seen as universal ideologies, perceived to benefit everyone whilst really benefiting only the ruling class. For Gramsci as a cultural hegemonist, he posits a strategic distinction, between a War of Position and a War of Maneuver. The war of position is intellectual, a culture war in which the anti-capitalist educators, agitators and organizers seek to have the dominant voice in the mass media, other mass organizations, and the schools (and actively conduct ideological subversion). Once achieved, this position will be used to increase class-consciousness each revolutionary theory and analysis, and to inspire revolutionary organization. On winning the intellectual war of position, socialist leaders would then have the necessary political power and popular support to begin the war of maneuver - the armed insurrection against capitalism (Ratna) For Imperialist, Hegemony has its own specific concept that is called as cultural imperialism  that is the domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority. Cultural imperialism  can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude. A metaphor of  colonialism  is employed: the cultural products of the  first world  "invade" the  third world  and "conquer" local culture. In the stronger variants of the term,  world domination  (in a cultural sense) is the explicit goal of the  nation-states  or  multinational corporations  that ex port the culture.  The term is usually used in a pejorative sense, often in conjunction with a call to reject such influence. A Perspective of Hegemony in Contemporary Power Power as one of political imperialist’s instruments has created new dynamic purposes and targets to legalize the x-interest. Here, x-interest is something hidden and can be only defined by one person who wants his or her power runs well. X-interest, which is not specifically designed under the social norms, has changed into general social norms, which is legalized by society under pressure and forces. Here, strategically mission is directed to the x-interest. Therefore, imperialist requires more than sacrifice to achieve the target. When the power has been a huge formation, it extends to other that we call as cultural imperialism. This affects all aspects in social life including way of life, ideology and life tendencies. Mr. Muammar Qadaffi, the president of Libya is one of the examples that can be fou nd in TV and becomes hot issues. To run his power, he uses many factors what I call â€Å"Regional Nationalism†. It talks about brute nationalist who defends his country from other states invasion. For years, stability had become the evidence that he can lead Libya well without any rebellion, protests or new revolutionists (Suhady). Based on the issue, the concept of hegemony, in this case, directs to the strategically mis

The Era of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933-1945 Essay

The Era of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933-1945 - Essay Example He believed it was the role of the government to offer a solution to these problems. This essay will focus on how Franklin Delano Roosevelt consistent set of plans for ending the Great Depression throughout the first part of his Presidency. Franklin felt that people working in most public offices lacked social values and focused more on money in his opinion, the lack of ethics had greatly contributed to corruption hence the depression. Moreover, he felt that the financial systems required to works harder towards resolving the crisis instead of dwelling in the fear emanating from the crisis (Polenberg 39-40). He believed that people working in financial systems especially the exchange market had focused more on using their mandate for personal financial gains contributing to the depression. He thus insisted on the need for transparency and accountability by the public officers (Polenberg 43) Franklin believed that recovery and reform were closely interconnected. He therefore suggested social objectives of the new deal that aimed at offering more jobs o the Americans. Moreover, he believed it was important to enhance security and enable Americans have access to decent homes. To be able to achieve the above plans, Franklin suggested a program that aimed at providing approximately 3.5 million jobs. His other projects included rural electrification, reforestation, as well as slum clearance (Polenberg 54-56). Another plan that Franklin proposed was the need for equality. He believed that some private companies were exploiting common Americans due to their urge to increase their profits. Therefore, he planned to enhance equality and ensure that all Americans were able to enjoy security and enjoy reasonable leisure. Moreover, Franklin planned to ensure that the national resources were utilized appropriately to benefit all, people were protected from hazards of life especially those associated with the depression, and people would eventually enjoy living in decent homes irrespective of the crisis. The above plans remained important to Franklin throughout his reign (Polenberg 39-42). To ensure that the natural resources were used appropriately to proposed the need for appropriate use of land and water resources. To ensure that all Americans were secured from life hazards, Roosevelt believed that it was important to create employment opportunities and insurance services. In his opinion, the old, handicapped, children, and pregnant mother required insurance benefits (Polenberg 48-50) To ensure that Americans enjoyed living in better homes, Franklin believed it was important to empower the unemployed by giving them jobs. This could be achieved through enactment of policies that would create employment opportunities. Franklin argued that the large government debt had resulted due to increased dependence of many Americans on the relief rolls. This had resulted in burdening of the federal government. He proposed that it was appropriate to offer jobs to t he unemployed to prevent them from relying on federal aid. He believed that the only group of people that required federal relief was those who could not manage to toil for various reasons. However, the larger percentage of people depending on the federal relief funds was employable. However, the group had been rendered jobless by the circumstances surrounding the depression. He thus believed that it